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Bone marrow transplant is the transplantation of healthy blood-producing cells into the bone marrow so that they can make new blood cells. Bone marrow is located in the middle of the long bones in the body and holds stem cells, the cells that multiply and grow into different cells in the body. The job of the bone marrow is to create now red blood cells (that transport oxygen around the body), new white blood cells (that fight infection), and new platelets (that help create clots to prevent bleeding). Most commonly, bone marrow gets wiped out by chemotherapy (treatment of cancer with medications). Transplantation of bone marrow can be done by harvesting blood cells from the bone marrow of the patient prior to therapy or a matched donor. Now, medications are available that make it possible to harvest transplant cells from the blood itself, rather than the bone marrow, which is a less painful and invasive procedure. Transplant of bone marrow has similar problems to other transplants including rejection of the transplant. However, bone marrow transplant has the ability to help the body replace all of the different types of blood lines: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
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