Central Serous Chorioretinopathy is a condition in which fluid leaks from the layer beneath the retina, the choroid, and collects under the retina.  CSCR tends to occur in young, healthy people, more often men.  Stress appears to be a risk factor.

Dry ARMD is the most common form of ARMD.  With age, there is a slowdown in the transportation of waste from the retina.  As a result, waste builds up under the retina and forms yellow deposits known as drusen. Dry ARMD generally progresses slows and rarely leads to severe vision loss. 

An epiretinal membrane is a collection of cells that form into scar tissue on the inner surface of the retina.  This scar tissue can cause wrinkles or swelling in the retina that can cause your vision to become blurry or distorted.

Floaters are tiny clumps of gel or cells in the vitreous, the clear jelly-like fluid that fills the back chamber in your eye.  The technical name for these flashing lights is “photopsia”. The new onset of floaters, particularly if accompanied by flashes, is a symptom which requires evaluation. New floaters or an increase in existing floaters may occur with shrinking of the vitreous gel away from the retina (called ...

Certain medications (Hydroxychloroquine/Chloroquine, Ethambutol, Thioridazine, Deferoxamine, Interferon) used to treat systemic disease can damage central or color vision and patients on these medications should be screened through a complete ophthalmologic examination and in some cases, visual field and electrophysiologic testing, at an interval determined based on drug dose, potential duration, and other patient-specific factors. ...

The HIV infection can cause damage to many parts of the eye, including the retina. Retinal changes typically are related to the CD4 count and viral load. The lower the the CD4 count and the higher the viral load, the more likely retinal damage may occur. Patients with HIV are at a higher risk of acquiring opportunistic infections. The infectious organisms can also affect the retina. All patients with HIV should have an annual dilat ...

Hypertensive retinopathy is damage to the retina from high blood pressure. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels in the retina, these changes range from mild to severe. The higher the blood pressure and the longer it has been high, the more severe the damage is likely to be. The damage can have detrimental effects on the vision. When you have diabetes, high cholesterol levels, or you smoke, you have a higher risk of damage a ...

A usually asymptomatic condition present in up to 10% of the general population, lattice degeneration represents an area of retinal thinning with overlying vitreous (liquid jelly filling ~80% of the eyeball) which confers a higher risk of developing retinal holes, tears and detachments.  Complete ophthalmic examination is required in patients with lattice degeneration to surveil for retinal sequelae.

The Macula, located in the center of the retina, is the part of the retina is responsible for the clarity of vision.  A macular hole is a small, round opening in the center of the macula.

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common diabetic eye disease and a leading cause of blindness in American adults. It is caused by changes in the blood vessels of the retina.  In some people with diabetic retinopathy, blood vessels may swell and leak fluid, this is the basis for nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. At the earliest stage (mild nonproliferativ ...

In other people, abnormal new blood vessels grow on the surface of the retina, this the basis for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. At this advanced stage, the signals sent by the retina for nourishment trigger the growth of new blood vessels. These new blood vessels are abnormal and fragile. They grow along the retina and along the surface of the clear, vitreous gel that fills the inside of the eye. 

A frequent cause of flashes of light and floaters, a posterior vitreous detachment is separation of the vitreous jelly (clear gel which occupies ~80% of the eyeball) from the retina and typically occurs in most adults between 50 and 70 years of age, although it may occur at a younger age in those who are nearsighted or have undergone previous eye surgery. 

A retinal detachment is a very serious problem that almost always causes blindness unless treated. 

As one gets older, the vitreous, the clear gel-like substance that fills the inside of the eye, tends to shrink slightly and take on a more watery consistency. Sometimes as the vitreous shrinks it exerts enough force on the retina to make it tear. Retinal tears increase the chance of developing a retinal detachment. As the fluid vitreous passes through the tear it lifts the retina off the back of the eye like wallpaper peeling off ...

The retinal veins carry blood away from the retina, back to the heart.  When one of the retinal veins is blocked (called an occlusion), blood flow backs up and causes bleeding and swelling within the retina.

An inherited or sporadic condition, RP represents a progressive retinal degeneration of the small cells within the eye (rods and cones) responsible for sensing light.  There are a few causes of treatable RP, which can be identified through clinical examination and blood work, and several associated syndromes which may require further systemic evaluation. Fami ...

Ocular toxoplasmosis represents a parasitic infection acquired usually from cats, undercooked meat or dairy products, typically without systemic manifestations in adults.

In Wet ARMD, new blood vessels (known as choroidal neovascularization) form underneath the retina.  These blood vessels are weak and often leak blood or fluid which can result in distortion or blurring of vision.  If left untreated, the fluid and blood under the retina can become a scar which can cause severe vision loss.